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Bicycle traumata are very common and especially neurologic complications lead to disability and death in all stages of the life. This review assembles the most recent findings concerning research in the field of bicycle traumata combined with the factor of bicycle helmet use. The area of bicycle trauma research is by nature multidisciplinary and relevant not only for physicians but also for experts with educational, engineering, judicial, rehabilitative or public health functions. Due to this plurality of global publications and special subjects, short time reviews help to detect recent research directions and provide also information from neighbour disciplines for researchers. It can be stated that to date, that although a huge amount of research has been conducted in this area more studies are needed to evaluate and improve special conditions and needs in different regions, ages, nationalities and to create successful prevention programs of severe head and face injuries while cycling.

Photo: How a helmet saves your life: When you bump your head, the hard outer shell (black) spreads the impact over a wide area. The whole of the soft inner liner (orange) then absorbs the energy evenly so (hopefully) there’s minimal damage to your head.Without the helmet, the entire impact would be concentrated on a tiny part of your head, very likely fracturing your skull and quite possibly damaging your brain too.

At first sight, a cycle helmet looks much like any other hat, but look more closely and you’ll see a lot more thought—and science—has gone into the design. A typical helmet has two main parts: a hard outer shell and a soft inner liner. The hard shell is designed to spread the force of an impact over a broader area so your skull is less likely to fracture, while the soft liner is meant to squeeze inward and absorb the impact energy, so less of it is transmitted to your head.

People used to think bicycle helmets were uncool, but that’s all changed now. You won’t find any professional cyclist racing on the road or a track without a helmet clamped firmly to their head. And helmets are so much better than they used to be. Have you noticed how cool Olympic cyclists look in those teardrop-shaped chrono hats? Virtually all modern cycle helmet are amazingly swish and can make even the slowest of riders cut a dash. One word of warning, though. Everyone wants to look good, but remember that a cycle helmet is primarily about protection. Fussy, elaborate extras are usually just marketing gimmicks—so don’t waste your money.

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